介绍
目前prometheus对于Kubernetes集群的监控主要是包括这几方面：
| 监控指标 |
具体实现 |
描述 |
| pod、container性能 |
cadvisor |
容器cpu、内存、网络等 |
| node性能 |
node_exporter |
各节点cpu、内存、磁盘、网络等 |
| K8S资源对象 |
kube-state-metrics |
pod、deployment、service等资源 |
部署prometheus
应用 prometheus-rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
# 创建 ServiceAccount 授予权限
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: prometheus
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
# 授予的权限
resources:
- nodes
- nodes/metrics
- services
- endpoints
- pods
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
verbs:
- get
- nonResourceURLs:
- "/metrics"
verbs:
- get
---
# 角色绑定
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: prometheus
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-system
|
应用 prometheus-configmap.yaml
# configuration format https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-config
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
data:
# 存放prometheus配置文件
prometheus.yml: |
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
scrape_timeout: 10s
evaluation_interval: 15s
# 配置采集目标
scrape_configs:
- job_name: prometheus
static_configs:
- targets:
- localhost:9090
# 采集：Apiserver 生存指标
# 创建的job name 名称为 kubernetes-apiservers
- job_name: kubernetes-apiservers
# 基于k8s的服务发现
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
# 使用通信标记标签
relabel_configs:
# 保留正则匹配标签
- action: keep
# 已经包含
regex: default;kubernetes;https
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
- __meta_kubernetes_service_name
- __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name
# 使用方法为https、默认http
scheme: https
tls_config:
# promethus访问Apiserver使用认证
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
# 跳过https认证
insecure_skip_verify: true
# promethus访问Apiserver使用认证
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
# 采集：Kubelet 生存指标
- job_name: kubernetes-nodes-kubelet
kubernetes_sd_configs:
# 发现集群中所有的Node
- role: node
relabel_configs:
# 通过regex获取关键信息
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
insecure_skip_verify: true
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
# 采集：nodes-cadvisor 信息
- job_name: kubernetes-nodes-cadvisor
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
# 重命名标签
- target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /metrics/cadvisor
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
insecure_skip_verify: true
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
# 采集：service-endpoints 信息
- job_name: kubernetes-service-endpoints
# 选定指标
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- action: keep
regex: true
# 指定源标签
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape
- action: replace
regex: (https?)
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme
# 重命名标签采集
target_label: __scheme__
- action: replace
regex: (.+)
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path
target_label: __metrics_path__
- action: replace
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
source_labels:
- __address__
- __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port
target_label: __address__
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_service_name
target_label: kubernetes_name
# 采集：kubernetes-services 服务指标
- job_name: kubernetes-services
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: service
# 黑盒探测，探测IP与端口是否可用
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module:
- http_2xx
relabel_configs:
- action: keep
regex: true
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe
- source_labels:
- __address__
target_label: __param_target
# 使用 blackbox进行黑盒探测
- replacement: blackbox
target_label: __address__
- source_labels:
- __param_target
target_label: instance
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_service_name
target_label: kubernetes_name
# 采集： kubernetes-pods 信息
- job_name: kubernetes-pods
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
relabel_configs:
- action: keep
regex: true
source_labels:
# 只保留采集的信息
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape
- action: replace
regex: (.+)
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path
target_label: __metrics_path__
- action: replace
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
source_labels:
# 采集地址
- __address__
# 采集端口
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port
target_label: __address__
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_namespace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- action: replace
source_labels:
- __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
target_label: kubernetes_pod_name
alerting:
# 告警配置文件
alertmanagers:
- kubernetes_sd_configs:
# 采用动态获取
- role: pod
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
regex: kube-system
action: keep
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_label_k8s_app]
regex: alertmanager
action: keep
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_container_port_number]
regex:
action: drop
|
应用 prometheus-statefulset.yaml
在 volumeClaimTemplates 字段绑定了storageclass 动态pv供给，可以参考我的这篇文章
来使用
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: prometheus
# 部署命名空间
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: prometheus
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
version: v2.2.1
spec:
serviceName: "prometheus"
replicas: 1
podManagementPolicy: "Parallel"
updateStrategy:
type: "RollingUpdate"
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: prometheus
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: prometheus
annotations:
scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''
spec:
priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
serviceAccountName: prometheus
# 初始化容器
initContainers:
- name: "init-chown-data"
image: "busybox:latest"
imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
command: ["chown", "-R", "65534:65534", "/data"]
volumeMounts:
- name: prometheus-data
mountPath: /data
subPath: ""
containers:
- name: prometheus-server-configmap-reload
image: "jimmidyson/configmap-reload:v0.1"
imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
args:
- --volume-dir=/etc/config
- --webhook-url=http://localhost:9090/-/reload
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/config
readOnly: true
resources:
limits:
cpu: 10m
memory: 10Mi
requests:
cpu: 10m
memory: 10Mi
- name: prometheus-server
# 主要使用镜像
image: "prom/prometheus:v2.2.1"
imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
args:
- --config.file=/etc/config/prometheus.yml
- --storage.tsdb.path=/data
- --web.console.libraries=/etc/prometheus/console_libraries
- --web.console.templates=/etc/prometheus/consoles
- --web.enable-lifecycle
ports:
- containerPort: 9090
readinessProbe:
# 健康检查
httpGet:
path: /-/ready
port: 9090
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /-/healthy
port: 9090
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
# based on 10 running nodes with 30 pods each
resources:
limits:
cpu: 200m
memory: 1000Mi
requests:
cpu: 200m
memory: 1000Mi
# 数据卷
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/config
- name: prometheus-data
mountPath: /data
subPath: ""
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: prometheus-config
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: prometheus-data
spec:
# 使用动态PV、修改为已创建的PV动态存储
storageClassName: managed-nfs-storage
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: "5Gi"
|
应用 prometheus-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: prometheus
# 指定命名空间
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/name: "Prometheus"
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
spec:
# 添加外部访问
type: NodePort
# 指定内部访问协议
ports:
- name: http
port: 9090
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 9090
selector:
k8s-app: prometheus
|
应用这些yaml后，查看 kube-system 下的 prometheus service的NodePort来进行访问
部署grafana
grafana可以部署在K8S内，也可以选择部署在集群外
应用 grafana-statefulset.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: grafana
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: grafana
serviceName: grafana
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: grafana-data
spec:
storageClassName: managed-nfs-storage
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: grafana
spec:
containers:
- name: grafana
image: grafana/grafana
ports:
- containerPort: 3000
resources:
limits:
cpu: 100m
memory: 256Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 256Mi
volumeMounts:
- name: grafana-data
mountPath: /var/lib/grafana
subPath: grafana
|
应用 grafana-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: grafana
namespace: kube-system
spec:
type: NodePort
selector:
app: grafana
ports:
- port: 3000
targetPort: 3000
|
应用yaml后，查看 kube-system 下的 grafana service的NodePort来进行访问
默认的用户名和密码都是 admin
添加数据源
填写数据源名称、prometheus地址后保存即可，这边地址是 http://prometheus:9090 是因为我们grafana也在K8S集群内部，可以通过coredns进行访问
使用node_exporter采集监控数据并展示
node_exporter不建议部署在K8S集群中
查看这篇文章部署node_exporter：https://1335402049.github.io/2020/12/07/node-exporter%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E5%92%8C%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE/
在所有节点部署node_exporter启动后，我们修改 prometheus-configmap.yaml
# 存放prometheus配置文件
prometheus.yml: |
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
scrape_timeout: 10s
evaluation_interval: 15s
# 配置采集目标
scrape_configs:
- job_name: node
static_configs:
- targets:
- 192.168.1.110:9100
- 192.168.1.111:9100
- 192.168.1.112:9100
|
重新应用生效
kubectl apply -f prometheus-configmap.yaml
|
在prometheus页面的targets里面可以看到监控的node已经生效
在grafana添加监控模板，当然你也可以去官网: https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards 找其他的模板
导入进来的模板，有的图表也有可能无法正常显示，根据自己的情况进行修改，主要也就是对prometheus查询语法的修改以及和grafana variables的修改
最后grafana绘制成功的图表
展示cadvisor数据图形
cadvisor能够帮我们对容器的性能数据进行采集，并且K8S内部也提供了cadvisor采集器，我们无需在单独部署，
在prometheus-configmap.yaml中也配置了相关的cadvisor的服务发现
# 采集：nodes-cadvisor 信息
- job_name: kubernetes-nodes-cadvisor
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
# 重命名标签
- target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /metrics/cadvisor
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
insecure_skip_verify: true
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
|
在prometheus的targets页面看到nodes-cadvisor状态
在grafana中导入模板ID：3119
使用kube-state-metrics收集数据并展示
应用 kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources:
- configmaps
- secrets
- nodes
- pods
- services
- resourcequotas
- replicationcontrollers
- limitranges
- persistentvolumeclaims
- persistentvolumes
- namespaces
- endpoints
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
resources:
- daemonsets
- deployments
- replicasets
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["apps"]
resources:
- statefulsets
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["batch"]
resources:
- cronjobs
- jobs
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["autoscaling"]
resources:
- horizontalpodautoscalers
verbs: ["list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics-resizer
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources:
- pods
verbs: ["get"]
- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
resources:
- deployments
resourceNames: ["kube-state-metrics"]
verbs: ["get", "update"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: kube-state-metrics
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: kube-state-metrics-resizer
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
|
应用 kube-state-metrics-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: kube-state-metrics
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
version: v1.3.0
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kube-state-metrics
version: v1.3.0
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-state-metrics
version: v1.3.0
annotations:
scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''
spec:
priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
serviceAccountName: kube-state-metrics
containers:
- name: kube-state-metrics
image: lizhenliang/kube-state-metrics:v1.3.0
ports:
- name: http-metrics
containerPort: 8080
- name: telemetry
containerPort: 8081
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 8080
initialDelaySeconds: 5
timeoutSeconds: 5
- name: addon-resizer
image: lizhenliang/addon-resizer:1.8.3
resources:
limits:
cpu: 100m
memory: 30Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 30Mi
env:
- name: MY_POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: MY_POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/config
command:
- /pod_nanny
- --config-dir=/etc/config
- --container=kube-state-metrics
- --cpu=100m
- --extra-cpu=1m
- --memory=100Mi
- --extra-memory=2Mi
- --threshold=5
- --deployment=kube-state-metrics
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: kube-state-metrics-config
---
# Config map for resource configuration.
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics-config
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: kube-state-metrics
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
data:
NannyConfiguration: |-
apiVersion: nannyconfig/v1alpha1
kind: NannyConfiguration
|
应用 kube-state-metrics-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kube-state-metrics
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
kubernetes.io/name: "kube-state-metrics"
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
spec:
ports:
- name: http-metrics
port: 8080
targetPort: http-metrics
protocol: TCP
- name: telemetry
port: 8081
targetPort: telemetry
protocol: TCP
selector:
k8s-app: kube-state-metrics
|
应用这些yaml，在prometheus-configmap.yaml中也有kubernetes的服务发现配置，在targets的页面有了apiserver、pod、endpoint等等目标
在grafana中导入模板ID：6417
在这里你可以看到pod资源情况、滚动更新、pod数量、pod状态等等
